Biography - Ben Johnson

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         Ben Jonson, a poet, essayist, and playwright, was born in London, England, on June 11, 1572. His mother remarried a bricklayer after his father, a minister, died shortly before his birth.
        Jonson was born and raised in Westminster, where he attended St. Martin's parish school and Westminster School, where he was influenced by William Camden, a classical scholar. He dropped out of Westminster School in 1589, briefly worked as a bricklayer for his stepfather, then served in the military in Flanders before joining Philip Henslowe's theatre company as an actor and playwright.
        Jonson married Anne Lewis in 1594 and began his career as an actor and playwright. Although Jonson and Lewis had at least two children, little is known about their relationship.
        Every Man in His Humor, which is considered Jonson's first great play, was written in 1598. William Shakespeare played one of the lead roles in a 1616 production. Jonson killed Gabriel Spencer in a duel shortly after the play premiered, and he was tried for murder. By pleading "benefit of clergy," he was released (i.e., by proving he could read and write in Latin, he was allowed to face a more lenient court). He was only in prison for a few weeks before being arrested again for failing to pay an actor shortly after his release.
        Jonson enjoyed royal favour and patronage during the reign of King James I. Many of his most famous satirical plays, such as Volpone (1606) and The Alchemist (1610), were staged in London over the next fifteen years. He was awarded a substantial pension of 100 marks per year in 1616, and he is widely regarded as England's first Poet Laureate.
        The "Tribe of Ben," his group of admirers and friends, met on a regular basis at the Mermaid Tavern and later at the Devil's Head. Nobles like the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, as well as writers like Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, James Howell, and Thomas Carew, were among his followers.
        Many of Shakespeare's, John Donne's, and Francis Bacon's friends were friends of Jonson's, and many of his most well-known poems include tributes to them.
        On August 8, 1637, Ben Jonson died in Westminster. His funeral was attended by a large crowd at Westminster Abbey. He is regarded as one of the most important seventeenth-century dramatists and poets.

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